A. Cloud and zero trust basics
A1What does the Cloud, Infrastructure & Zero Trust Security service cover?
It assesses and strengthens the security of cloud accounts on AWS, Azure and Google Cloud, private and hybrid cloud, servers, cloud VMs, Kubernetes and containers, virtualisation, databases, endpoints and EDR, firewalls, VPN and remote access, and identity. It ends with ranked findings, a remediation tracker and a phased zero trust roadmap.
A2How is it different from VAPT?
VAPT tests applications, APIs and networks for exploitable vulnerabilities. This service looks at how cloud and infrastructure platforms are configured, who can do what, how zones are separated and how mature the organisation is against zero trust principles. The two complement each other, and Codec Networks offers VAPT as a separate service.
A3How is it different from running a cloud posture tool?
A posture tool lists settings that may be risky, often thousands of them, with no view of what is reachable or what matters most. A Codec Networks review validates which exposures are real, follows identities and paths across accounts, adds infrastructure and endpoints, and turns the result into a ranked plan and a roadmap.
A4Isn't cloud security the provider's job?
Only part of it. Providers secure their data centres, hardware and core services. The customer stays responsible for identities and permissions, network rules, storage settings, encryption choices, patching of its workloads, logging and access. Most serious cloud incidents start on the customer's side of that line.
A5What does zero trust actually mean?
It means no user, device or workload is trusted just because it is inside the network. Every access request is verified explicitly, privileges are kept to the minimum, the network is segmented, and activity is monitored continuously. It is an operating model built over time, not a single product.
A6We already have firewalls, EDR and a SOC. Why review?
Those controls are only as good as their configuration and coverage. The review shows where an identity has more rights than it should, where a rule undoes a firewall, which servers have no EDR agent, and whether the SOC would see an attacker using valid credentials.
A7How often should we review our cloud and infrastructure?
At least yearly for every production environment, and whenever something significant changes: a migration, a new account or cluster, a new access model or a merger. Many organisations add monthly or quarterly posture reviews to catch drift between full assessments.
A8Can a review guarantee we will not be breached?
No assessment can guarantee that. It reduces risk by finding and closing the weaknesses an attacker would most likely use, and gives you evidence of how well your controls hold up at a point in time.
B. Scope and planning
B1What can be included in scope?
Cloud accounts, subscriptions and projects; internet-facing cloud assets; cloud VMs; Kubernetes and container platforms; servers; endpoints and EDR; VPN and ZTNA; firewalls and security devices; cloud databases; network segmentation; Active Directory and cloud identity; configuration and patch status; and zero trust maturity. Document 2 describes all fifteen services.
B2How do we decide what to review first?
Start with what holds sensitive data or money, what is internet-facing, what recently changed and who can administer it. The scoping call ranks accounts and assets by exposure and business criticality, then matches them to the right services.
B3Do you cover multi-cloud and hybrid estates?
Yes. AWS, Azure and Google Cloud are reviewed against the same baseline and rated on the same scale, together with private cloud and data centre infrastructure, so the Board sees one risk picture.
B4What access do you need?
For most configuration review, a time-bound, read-only role in each in-scope account or subscription. Where policy rules out direct access, we work from evidence exports. Active technical validation needs separate written authorisation and agreed testing windows.
B5What should we prepare before the engagement?
A list of in-scope accounts, workloads, servers, clusters and devices; architecture and network diagrams; the identity and privileged access model; available patch, EDR and scan reports; testing windows and exclusions; escalation contacts; and the frameworks you report against.
B6Can you review environments run by an MSP or cloud partner?
Yes, with the customer's authorisation and, where their contract requires it, the partner's agreement. The partner usually provides inputs, access or evidence, and its findings are reported to the customer as owner of the risk.
B7How long does an engagement take?
It depends on the number of accounts, regions, workloads, devices and clusters, and on how quickly access and evidence are ready. A single cloud account takes far less time than a multi-cloud regulated estate. The schedule is agreed in the proposal before work starts.
B8Which engagement model is right for us?
Cloud Essential suits one account or a first baseline; Cloud Professional covers several accounts with a tracker and retest support; Cloud Enterprise covers multi-cloud or regulated estates with a zero trust roadmap; Continuous Cloud Assurance gives monthly or quarterly posture review. Pricing is based on scope.
C. Safety and method
C1Will the review disrupt our production systems?
The aim is zero disruption. Configuration review is read-only and cannot change anything. Active validation, where authorised, follows rules of engagement that set the permitted methods, production limits, stop conditions and testing windows, and is performed without destructive impact.
C2What is the difference between read-only review and active validation?
Read-only review examines settings, permissions, rules and logs. Active validation tests what is actually reachable or exploitable, such as an exposed service, a segmentation path or a privilege escalation. Most engagements combine broad read-only review with targeted validation of the most serious findings.
C3Which methods and standards do you follow?
CIS Benchmarks and CIS Controls, cloud provider security guidance, NIST CSF 2.0, NIST SP 800-207 Zero Trust Architecture, the CISA Zero Trust Maturity Model, ISO/IEC 27001, 27017 and 27018, Kubernetes hardening guidance and MITRE ATT&CK, with CVSS for technical severity where it applies.
C4Is the review automated or manual?
Both. Tools give coverage across thousands of settings; consultants find the combinations that matter, follow identities across accounts, and validate critical and high findings by hand wherever technically feasible before they are reported.
C5What happens if you find something critical during the review?
It goes straight to the agreed escalation contact through the route set in the rules of engagement, so containment can start at once rather than waiting for the report. Codec Networks does not make the change itself unless separately contracted.
C6How do you protect our access and data?
Codec Networks is certified to ISO/IEC 27001:2022. Access is time-bound and least-privilege, credentials and evidence are handled on a need-to-know basis and shared securely, and customer data is used only for the engagement.
C7Do cloud providers allow this kind of testing?
Major cloud providers allow customers to assess their own resources within published policies, some of which exclude activities such as denial-of-service testing. Codec Networks follows those policies and confirms any provider-specific conditions during scoping.
C8Can our SOC watch the review?
Yes, and it is useful. Some clients tell the SOC in advance; others keep validation activity quiet to see what is detected. Either way, the results show which activity your monitoring caught and where cloud logging or alerting has gaps.
D. Reports, roadmap and retesting
D1What reports will we receive?
A cloud risk posture report, misconfiguration and IAM findings, a network segmentation review, a zero trust roadmap, compliance mapping, a remediation tracker and a management presentation, plus container, server and endpoint findings where those are in scope, and a retest or closure report where included.
D2How are findings rated?
On a five-level scale from Critical to Informational. Each rating starts from technical severity and is adjusted for exploitability, asset criticality and exposure, business impact and compensating controls, so that the order of fixes reflects real risk.
D3What is the zero trust roadmap?
A phased plan that scores current maturity across eight pillars, agrees a target for each, and sequences the work, typically identity and privileged access first, then devices and segmentation, then data, visibility and automation, with owners and milestones.
D4Do you help us fix the issues?
Yes. Clarification sessions walk your teams through each finding and the recommended fix. Remediation itself, such as configuration changes or managed cloud operations, stays with your teams or can be contracted separately.
D5What is a retest, and is it included?
A focused second round that checks whether each fixed finding is really closed, marking it fixed, partly fixed or still open. Retest support is part of Cloud Professional and Cloud Enterprise; for Cloud Essential, or for extra cycles, it is added to the scope.
D6What if we cannot fix something straight away?
The business owner can formally accept or defer the risk. A risk-acceptance note records the justification, compensating controls, residual risk and a review date, so the decision is visible to management and auditors.
D7Can we share the report with customers or auditors?
Reports are confidential and for internal governance, remediation and audit support. Many clients share the executive summary or a closure letter with customers and auditors, with written agreement, and keep the full technical findings internal.
D8How do we show improvement over time?
Use the same severity scale, accounts and pillars each cycle. The executive summary then shows trends: fewer critical findings, fewer excessive privileges, less public exposure, fewer overdue patches and a rising zero trust maturity score.
E. Compliance and working with us
E1Is Codec Networks CERT-In empanelled?
Yes. Codec Networks is empanelled by CERT-In for information security auditing services, and with NICSI for application audit and compliance services in the start-up category. Eligibility is confirmed in every proposal where required.
E2Does the review make us compliant with RBI, SEBI or IRDAI requirements?
It provides technical evidence that supports compliance, including cloud and outsourcing expectations, but compliance depends on the full set of requirements for your entity. Regulatory references in this set are general guidance; confirm obligations against the official instruments.
E3How does it support PCI DSS?
PCI DSS v4.0.1 calls for network security controls, secure configuration and regular segmentation testing. The firewall, segmentation, configuration and cloud reviews map directly to those requirements for cardholder data environments.
E4Does it help with ISO 27001, ISO 27017 and SOC 2?
Yes. Findings and closure evidence support ISO/IEC 27001 controls such as information security for use of cloud services and configuration management, ISO/IEC 27017 cloud controls, and SOC 2 criteria on logical access, change management and monitoring.
E5How does it relate to the DPDP Act?
The DPDP Act 2023 and Rules 2025 require reasonable security safeguards, such as encryption, access control, logging, monitoring and backups. Reviewing the cloud and infrastructure that hold personal data is one of the clearest ways to show those safeguards work.
E6Can you map findings to our frameworks?
Yes. Findings can be mapped to ISO/IEC 27001, 27017 and 27018, NIST CSF 2.0, the CISA Zero Trust Maturity Model, CIS, SOC 2, PCI DSS, CERT-In guidance and RBI, SEBI or IRDAI expectations. The mapping is technical alignment, not a certification or legal opinion.
E7What is Continuous Cloud Assurance?
A retainer in which Codec Networks reviews your cloud posture every month or quarter, tracks remediation and configuration drift, maintains an executive dashboard and provides advisory support, so the gains from the first review are not lost.
E8How do we get started?
Book a scoping call with Codec Networks. We agree the accounts, assets, objectives, access approach and engagement model, issue a proposal, sign the rules of engagement and start on the agreed date.